Federal government supervisor rights watch
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Federal government supervisor rights watch
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A Training Intervention for Supervisors to Support a Work-Life Policy Implementation
The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been criticized by Iranians and international human right activists, by writers, and NGOs. The United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission [1] have condemned prior and ongoing abuses in Iran in published critiques and several resolutions.
The government of Iran is criticized both for restrictions and punishments that follow the Islamic Republic's constitution and law, and for " extrajudicial " actions by state actors , such as the torture, rape, and killing of political prisoners, and the beatings and killings of dissidents and other civilians.
Reported abuses falling outside of the laws of the Islamic Republic that have been condemned include the execution of thousands of political prisoners in , and the widespread use of torture to extract repudiations by prisoners of their cause and comrades on video for propaganda purposes. Under the administration of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad , Iran's human rights record "has deteriorated markedly," according to Human Rights Watch , [4] and following the election protests there were reports of killing of demonstrators, the torture, rape and killing of detained protesters, [5] [6] and the arrest and publicized mass trials of dozens of prominent opposition figures in which defendants "read confessions that bore every sign of being coerced.
Officials of the Islamic Republic have responded to criticism by stating that Iran has "the best human rights record" in the Muslim world; [11] that it is not obliged to follow "the West's interpretation" of human rights; [12] and that the Islamic Republic is a victim of "biased propaganda of enemies" which is "part of a greater plan against the world of Islam ".
The Islamic revolution is thought [ by whom? According to political historian Ervand Abrahamian , "whereas less than political prisoners had been executed between and , more than were executed between and Prison life was drastically worse under the Islamic Republic than under the Pahlavis. In that of the Islamic Republic, they were 'fear', 'death', 'terror', 'horror', and most frequent of all 'nightmare' 'kabos'. Tucker , in the period of to , between 25, to 40, Iranians were arrested, 15, Iranians were tried and 8, to 9, Iranians were executed.
The vast majority of killings of political prisoners occurred in the first decade of the Islamic Republic, after which violent repression lessened. The predominantly reformist parliament drafted several bills allowing increased freedom of speech, gender equality, and the banning of torture.
These were all dismissed or significantly watered down by the Guardian Council and leading conservative figures in the Iranian government at the time. The Tehran spring of ten years ago has now given way to a bleak political winter. The new government continues to close down newspapers, silence dissenting voices and ban or censor books and websites. The peaceful demonstrations and protests of the Khatami era are no longer tolerated: in January security forces attacked striking bus drivers in Tehran and arrested hundreds of them.
In March police beat hundreds of men and women who had assembled to commemorate International Women's Day. Since the founding of the Islamic Republic, human rights violations of religious minorities have been the subject of resolutions and decisions by the United Nations and its human rights bodies, the Council of Europe , European Parliament and United States Congress.
In early , Iran became one of the few countries to ever be investigated by a UN country rapporteur under the UN Special Procedures section. Four years later the United Nations Commission on Human Rights appointed a Special Representative on Iran to study its human rights situation and as of three men have filled that role. However, according to the organization Human Rights Watch , "when these officials did visit the country, found human rights conditions wanting and issued reports critical of the Islamic government, not only did the government not implement their recommendations", it retaliated "against witnesses who testified to the experts.
In the resolutions began again with Canada sponsoring a resolution criticizing Iran's "confirmed instances of torture, stoning as a method of execution and punishment such as flogging and amputations," following the death of an Iranian-born Canadian citizen, Zahra Kazemi , in an Iranian prison.
The European Union has also criticized the Islamic Republic's human rights record, expressing concern in , [32] and on 6 October presenting a message to Iran's ambassador in Paris expressing concern over the worsening human rights situation in Iran. Later that year, Iran's government announced it would suspend dialogue with the European Union concerning human rights in Iran. On 2 September , Amnesty International accused Iranian authorities of committing widespread human rights violations, during the protests.
The nationwide protests were sparked by soaring fuel prices. In response to protests, the government reportedly caused hundreds of deaths with deliberate use of lethal force, in addition to 7, arrests.
According to a report, the detainees included children which were subjected to beatings, extreme temperatures, stress positions and electrocution. One observation made by non-governmental sources of the state of human rights in the Islamic Republic is that it is not so severe that the Iranian public is afraid to criticize its government publicly to strangers. A hypothesis of why human rights abuses in the Islamic Republic are not as severe as Syria, Afghanistan under the Taliban , or Iraq under Saddam Hussein comes from the American journalist Elaine Sciolino who speculated that.
Shiite Islam thrives on debate and discussion So freedom of thought and expression is essential to the system, at least within the top circles of religious leadership. And if the mullahs can behave that way among themselves in places like the holy city of Qom , how can the rest of a modern-day society be told it cannot think and explore the world of experience for itself?
Another hypothesis offered by Iranians Akbar Ganji , Arzoo Osanloo, Hooman Majd is that "notions of democracy and human rights have taken root among the Iranian people" making it "much more difficult for the government to commit crimes" than the Shah's government did Akbar Ganji. Iranian officials have not always agreed on the state of human rights in Iran.
In April , reformist president Mohammad Khatami stated "we certainly have political prisoners [in Iran] and Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and other government officials have compared Iran's human rights record favorably to other countries, particularly countries that have criticized Iran's record.
In a speech to the United Nations, Ahmadinejad commented on human rights only to say "certain powers" unnamed were guilty of violating it, "setting up secret prisons, abducting persons, trials and secret punishments without any regard to due process, The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran [47] [48] was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December , [49] [50] and amended on 28 July The constitution has been called a "hybrid" of "theocratic and democratic elements".
Like many democratic constitutions, it has articles mandating a president and legislature, and regular popular elections to fill their seats article 6. Lesser crimes are punished by amputation or flagellation. Crimes in this category include adultery , alcohol consumption, burglary or petty theft , rebellions against Islamic authority , apostasy and homosexual intercourse.
Non- Hudud crimes against the body bodily injury or against the person homicide , such as murder or rape, are considered "private" crimes in Sharia, in the sense that the victim or family of the victim can exercise a right to retribution Qisas , aka Eye for an eye , or decide to accept " blood money " Diyyah or Talion Law. Following Sharia , amputation is a punishment for thieves. Stoning is the form of execution for only one crime in Iran - adultery.
According to Amnesty International, flogging "amounts" to torture. Under Sharia policy of qisas retribution , at least one case of punishment by blinding has occurred in Iran, when a man had his eye gouged out following his conviction for throwing acid in a woman's face. The punishment has been attacked as barbaric. In August , hacks of governmental surveillance cameras revealed constant beatings and draggings of prisoners by staff. The Iranian legislation does not accord the same rights to women as to men in all areas of the law.
In the inheritance law of the Islamic Republic there are several instances where the woman is entitled to half the inheritance of the man. As a woman, if I want to get a passport to leave the country, have surgery, even to breathe almost, I must have permission from my husband. Post-pubescent women are required to cover their hair and body in Iran and can be arrested for failing to do so. In March , a prominent Iranian human rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh , who represented opposition activists and women prosecuted for taking off their mandatory headscarf, was sentenced to 38 years in jail and lashes.
The press law prohibits "discourse harmful to the principles of Islam" and "public interest", as referred to in Article 24 of the constitution "Publications and the press have freedom of expression except when it is detrimental to the fundamental principles of Islam or the rights of the public.
The details of this exception will be specified by law" , which according to Human Rights Watch provides "officials with ample opportunity to censor , restrict, and find offense. Iranian model Bahareh Zare Bahari was stranded for several weeks at Manila's international airport in after Iran sought her through an Interpol red notice.
Bahari criticised the Iran regime, leading to fears that she would be executed if returned to Iran. The Philippine government eventually granted her asylum. The constitution accords non-Shia Muslims "full respect" article It also recognizes the freedom of Zoroastrian , Jewish, and Christian Iranians to perform their religious rites and ceremonies, and five seats in parliament are set aside for these minority religions.
Other inequalities include Hudud statutes that grant different punishments to Muslims and non-Muslims for the same crime. In the case of adultery, for example, a Muslim man who is convicted of committing adultery with a Muslim woman receives lashes; the sentence for a non-Muslim man convicted of adultery with a Muslim woman is death. Under traditional Islamic law, "blood money" diyeh , financial compensation paid to the victim or heirs of a victim in the cases of murder, bodily harm or property damage varies based on the gender and religion of the victim Muslims and men being worth more.
Conversion to Islam by non-Muslims is encouraged in Iran, but conversion from Islam to another religion apostasy is prohibited with a maximum punishment of death. Article 23 of the constitution states, "the investigation of individuals' beliefs is forbidden, and no one may be molested or taken to task simply for holding a certain belief. Also subject to Islamic "government suspicion and hostility" according to Human Rights Watch, is the small Protestant Christian minority in Iran, at least in part because of their "readiness to accept and even seek out Muslim converts" as well as their Western origins.
In the s, two Muslim converts to Christianity who had become ministers were sentenced to death for apostasy and other charges. On 16 November two jailed Sufi Dervishes started a hunger strike demanding the information of whereabouts of their eight detained friends, [] and also during that time, the prison warden Qarchak women prison in Varamin, near the Tehran attacked and bit three Dervish prisoners when they demanded their confiscated belongings back.
Article 26 of the IRI constitution allows "the formation of parties, societies, political or professional associations, as well as religious societies In a report, the organization Human Rights Watch complained that "broadly worded 'security laws'" in Iran are used "to arbitrarily suppress and punish individuals for peaceful political expression, association, and assembly, in breach of international human rights treaties to which Iran is party.
Freedom House has also complained that the constitution's prohibition on public demonstrations that "violate the principles of Islam," is "a vague provision used to justify the heavy-handed dispersal of assemblies and marches". Ahmad Batebi , a demonstrator in the July Student demonstrations in Iran, was given a death sentence for "propaganda against the Islamic Republic System. A photograph of Batebi holding a bloody shirt aloft was printed on the cover of The Economist magazine.
This is also the age of maturity and "criminal responsibility" in Article of the Iranian Civil Code and Article of the Code. Despite signing the Convention on the Rights of the Child , Iran, according to human rights groups, is the world's largest executioner of juvenile offenders.
Of the 43 child offenders recorded as having been executed since , 11 were still under the age of 18 at the time of their execution while the others were either kept on death row until they had reached 18 or were convicted and sentenced after reaching that age, [] including at least one year-old [] and year-old. A bill to set the minimum age for the death penalty at 18 years was examined by the parliament in December , but it was not ratified by the Guardian Council of the Constitution , the unelected body that examines legislation for "compatibility On 10 Feb Iran's parliament changed the controversial law of executing juveniles.
Iran has been criticized by human rights groups for "extra-legal" or "extra-judicial" killings and other sanctions. A Human Rights Watch document criticizes "Parallel Institutions" nahad-e movazi in the Islamic Republic, "the quasi-official organs of repression that have become increasingly open in crushing student protests, detaining activists, writers, and journalists in secret prisons, and threatening pro-democracy speakers and audiences at public events.
But according to dissident Akbar Ganji , what might appear to be "extra-legal" killings in Iran are actually not outside the penal code of the Islamic Republic since the code "authorises a citizen to assassinate another if he is judged to be 'impious'".
Extra-legal acts may work in tandem with official actions, such as in the case of the newsweekly Tamadone Hormozgan in Bandar Abbas, where authorities arrested seven journalists in for "insulting Ayatollah Khomeini ," while government organisations and Quranic schools organized vigilantes to "ransacked and set fire" to the paper's offices.
Article 38 of the constitution of the Islamic Republic forbids "all forms of torture for the purpose of extracting confession or acquiring information" and the "compulsion of individuals to testify, confess, or take an oath. Nonetheless human rights groups and observers have complained that torture is frequently used on political prisoners in Iran.
In a study of torture in Iran published in , Iranian-born political historian Ervand Abrahamian included Iran along with " Stalinist Russia , Maoist China , and early modern Europe" of the Inquisition and witch hunts , as societies that "can be considered to be in a league of their own" in the systematic use of torture. Of these, the most prevalent was the whipping of soles, obviously because it was explicitly sanctioned by the sharia.
Some were placed in small cubicles, [50cm x 80 cm x cm 20 inches x These stints could last months — until the prisoner agreed to the interview.
Few avoided the interview and also remained sane. Others were forced to join firing squads and remove dead bodies. When they returned to their cells with blood dripping from their hands, Their roommates surmised what had transpired. According to Abrahamian, torture became commonly used in the Islamic Republic because of its effectiveness in inducing political prisoners to make public confessions. These recantations served as powerful propaganda for both the Iranian public at large — who by the s almost all had access to television and could watch prime time programs devoted to the taped confessions — and the recanters' former colleagues, for whom the denunciations were demoralizing and confusing.
Scholars disagree over whether at least some forms of torture have been made legal according to the Qanon-e Ta'zir Discretionary Punishment Law of the Islamic Republic.
Abrahamian argues statutes forbidding 'lying to the authorities' and ability of clerics to be both interrogators and judges, applying an "indefinite series of 74 lashings until they obtain 'honest answers'" without the delay of a trial, make this a legal form of torture. Abrahamian also argues that a strong incentive to produce a confession by a defendant and thus to pressure the defendant to confess is the Islamic Republic's allowing of a defendant's confession plus judges "reasoning" to constitute sufficient proof of guilt.
Slaughterhouse Workers
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Being monitored at work: workers' rights
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Watch Out, You Might Be a Supervisor
Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. The Office of Personnel Management's OPM Office of Merit Systems Oversight and Effectiveness OMSOE conducted a study to assess the status of current efforts in Federal agencies to select, develop, and evaluate first-level supervisors, and to determine what level of attention agencies are devoting to this important management challenge. One of the key findings of the study specifically addressed performance management practices.
Our Government
See comments. Human Rights Watch calls for immediate action to stop what it says is widespread sexual abuse in North Korea. A participant in the study, Oh Jung Hee, told researchers she had been sexually assaulted numerous times. Human Rights Watch called upon North Korea to take serious steps to end the violence perpetrated against women. He said North Korea should also accept international assistance on how to hold officials accountable for abuses and how to protect victims who fear coming forward.
COVID-19 vaccination policy for BC Public Service employees
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Performing well as a first-level supervisor is like walking the circus high wire. First-level supervisors must be able to harmonize the demands of management, the demands of the collective work force often represented […]. First-level supervisors must be able to harmonize the demands of management, the demands of the collective work force often represented by unions , and the demands of workers with the requirements for doing the tasks at hand. These needs are more often than not conflicting and even at times mutually exclusive. First-level supervisors usually have mixed emotions about their situation and often lose their sense of identity as they try to perform this precarious balancing act.
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